What is a cryptic antigen?
A cryptic epitope is defined as a hidden or sequestered epitope that is processed and presented more efficiently as a result of an inflammatory immune response initiated by either a dominant epitope, as in a response to an infectious agent, or revealed as a result of the diversification of the response secondary to …
What are hidden epitopes?
A cryptotope is an antigenic site or epitope hidden in a protein or virion by surface subunits. Cryptotopes are becoming important for HIV vaccine research as a number of studies have shown that cryptic epitopes can be revealed or exposed when HIV gp120 binds to CD4. …
What is sequestered antigen?
sequestered antigen theory refers to the. situation in which some antigens are. hidden from cells of the immune system. and thus the immune system never en- counters them, which then results in tol-
What are cryptic cells?
In immunology, cryptic self epitopes are a source of autoimmunity. Self epitopes, which are found in high concentration on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC’s) in association with its major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are known as dominant epitopes. This causes autoimmunity in the body.
How does epitope spreading occur?
“Epitope spreading” can be defined as a specific autoreactive lymphocyte (T or B cell) response to endogenous epitopes, which are distinct from and non-cross-reactive with the disease-inducing epitopes, on the (same or different) proteins secondary to the release of such self protein during a chronic autoimmune or …
Is epitope the same as antigen?
epitope, also called antigenic determinant, portion of a foreign protein, or antigen, that is capable of stimulating an immune response. An epitope is the part of the antigen that binds to a specific antigen receptor on the surface of a B cell.
Is epitope an antigen?
Where is the epitope located?
The small site on an antigen to which a complementary antibody may specifically bind is called an epitope or antigenic determinant. This is usually one to six monosaccharides or five to eight amino acid residues on the surface of the antigen.
What is a forbidden clone?
widely accepted one has been the “forbidden clone” concept, which states that when a clone of cells arises that is capable. of recognizing and reacting against self, that clone is elimi- nated (1-3).
What are examples of autoimmune disorders?
Common autoimmune disorders include:
- Addison disease.
- Celiac disease – sprue (gluten-sensitive enteropathy)
- Dermatomyositis.
- Graves disease.
- Hashimoto thyroiditis.
- Multiple sclerosis.
- Myasthenia gravis.
- Pernicious anemia.