How is seismic data interpreted?
Simply defined, seismic interpretation is the science (and art) of inferring the geology at some depth from the processed seismic record. Structural seismic interpretation is directed toward the creation of structural maps of the subsurface from the observed three-dimensional configuration of arrival times.
What is 3D seismic interpretation?
The high resolution of the interpretation and its full propagation in 3D means that a very high number of horizons can be generated within a single horizon stack, allowing the interpreter to navigate up and down within the seismic volume to conduct stratigraphic and structural analysis.
How does 3D seismic survey work?
For a 3D seismic survey, a network of sensors in a grid is planted and a network of source points is located. The grid of receivers and source point is moved over the survey area as the survey progresses until the entire area is covered by the survey.
What is 3D seismic data?
1. n. [Geophysics] A set of numerous closely-spaced seismic lines that provide a high spatially sampled measure of subsurface reflectivity.
What is geophysical interpretation?
Geophysical interpretation is a fundamental part of petroleum and mineral exploration. The decision to drill for oil or minerals often depends on our ability to obtain reliable models of the earth by using geophysical …
What is interpretation in geophysics?
Interpretation is the process that extracts information in the delivered data to make decisions or to derive geologic knowledge.
How do you identify faults on a seismic section?
The main criteria used in identifying strike-slip faults in seismic sections are (1) flower structures (positive or negative), (2) change from normal to reverse fault along strike, (3) upthrown block switching side along strike, (4) change in the amount and/or direction of dip of fault plane along strike, (5) reversal …
What is the purpose of seismic surveys?
Seismic surveys use reflected sound waves to produce a “CAT scan” of the Earth’s subsurface. Seismic surveys can help locate ground water, are used to investigate locations for landfills, and characterize how an area will shake during an earthquake, but they are primarily used for oil and gas exploration.
How does seismic equipment work?
As the name suggests, seismic surveys use surface-induced seismic pulses to image subsurface formations. Basically, a seismic wave is generated underneath the earth’s surface, and then picked up by sensors called “geophones” as the waves bounce off subsurface formations — that is, layers of rock beneath the surface.
What type of seismic sources and receivers in seismic technique?
Seismic Receivers Hydrophones and geophones serve as receivers for seismic signals. The hydrophone is a device designed for use in detecting seismic energy in the form of pressure changes in water during marine seismic acquisition.
What is 2D seismic interpretation?
Summary. 2D seismic interpretation is generally complex, relying on 2D auto-tracking and manual picking of major stratigraphic events. Interpreters must extend this process to multiple lines, presenting various resolutions, amplitude ranges and mistie effects.