What is the inhibitor of cytochrome?

What is the inhibitor of cytochrome?

The most recognized competitive inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase is nitric oxide, whereas noncompetitive inhibition is most notably caused by carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, cyanide, azide, peroxynitrite, and lipid peroxidation.

What is cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors?

Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 include clarithromycin, erythromycin, diltiazem, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ritonavir, verapamil, goldenseal and grapefruit. Inducers of CYP3A4 include phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampicin, St. John’s Wort and glucocorticoids.

What antifungal inhibits cytochrome P450?

In in vitro interaction studies, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole were found to have higher inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) 3A4 and 3A5 activities than the other azoles or echinocandins did.

What is ferredoxin and cytochrome?

Ferredoxins are small proteins containing iron and sulfur atoms organized as iron–sulfur clusters. Other bioinorganic electron transport systems include rubredoxins, cytochromes, blue copper proteins, and the structurally related Rieske proteins.

Is Amlodipine a 3A4 inhibitor?

Amlodipine is largely metabolized in the liver via the Cytochrome P450 3A4/5. CYP3A4 is the main contributor to amlodipine dehydrogenation. Plasma concentration of this drug depends on metabolic rate which in turn depends on the activity of cytochrome isoenzymes metabolizing the drug.

Is ritonavir a 3A4 inhibitor?

Ritonavir is a HIV protease inhibitor routinely prescribed to HIV patients that also potently inactivates cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4), the major human drug-metabolizing enzyme. By inhibiting CYP3A4, ritonavir increases plasma concentrations of other anti-HIV drugs oxidized by CYP3A4 thereby improving clinical efficacy.

What drugs are metabolized by CYP3A5?

The enzyme metabolizes drugs such as nifedipine and cyclosporine as well as the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone and androstenedione. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.

Is Phenobarbital a CYP inducer?

Phenobarbital is a potent cytochrome P450 enzyme inducer, leading to interactions with other drugs by increasing their clearance.

Does itraconazole inhibit cytochrome P450?

Conclusions: Itraconazole markedly increases the systemic exposure to and effects of dexamethasone. A careful follow-up is recommended when itraconazole or other potent inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 3A4 are added to the drug regimen of patients receiving dexamethasone.

Does ciprofloxacin inhibit cyp450?

Many interactions between ciprofloxacin and other drugs, metabolised by hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, have been identified. Thus, it has been established that ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A2 activity in vitro and in vivo.